Evaluation begins with a history of the injury, physical examination, and X-rays.
Attention is paid to ensure the integrity of the skin over the break.
In cases of glenohumeral dislocations an MRI can distinguish cartilage (labrum and
articular cartilage) injury. In cases of a complex fracture a CT scan may help show
the fracture fragments and extent of the injury.
Treatment is determined based on the injury. Most clavicle, proximal humerus, and
scapula fractures can be treated without surgery. Additionally, most acromioclavicular
joint and glenohumeral joint dislocations can be treated without surgery.
Surgery is considered for those with multiple parts, significant deformity, or associated
injuries. Surgical fixation is done through a small incision as an outpatient procedure.
The rehabilitation course is dependent on the nature of the injury and treatment
method but typically requires a period of immobilization followed by rehabilitation
often for 1-3 months depending on the injury.